They are extremely reduced in form and specialized, looking nothing like other typical ferns but more resembling duckweed or some mosses. Complete guide for azolla cultivation in india akmindia. A uv stabilized silpauline sheet of 2mx2m size is uniformly spread over the bricks in such a way as to cover the margin of the rectangle made by the bricks. Care should be taken to protect ducks from dogs and duck eggs and ducklings from. Azolla cultivation in pits three pits, each having the dimensions 5 m x 4. In this class you will learn a few easy and affordable methods for beginners in duckweed and azolla growing. A mixture of 20 gms of super phosphate and about 1 kg of cow dung should be added once in 5 days. Utilization of azolla microphylla as feed supplement for crossbred cattle 209 2. Cultivation and uses of azolla in egypt springerlink. Azolla production techniques,azolla cultivation procedure.
Azolla mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss, water fern is a genus of seven species of aquatic ferns in the family salviniaceae. Feedipedia is an open access information system on animal feed resources that provides information on nature, occurrence, chemical composition, nutritional value and safe. If you are growing the azolla, it is better to test the water for alkalinity and acidic properties. Kvk, ajmer pioneered the azolla cultivation technique in rajasthan and developed a prototype for its cultivation. The cultivation of azolla has social, ecological and economic value propositions for the customer segments fig. Reducing cultivation price, with a fern thats nice to rice. Jul 02, 2008 method demonstration of the cultivation of azolla, a biofertiliser. Pesticides different pesticides have varying effects on azolla.
Biomass and protein content azolla cultivation, when compared with other grassesfodders. In the azolla cooking and cultivation project artists, researchers, farmers, gardeners, chefs and scientists experiment with cooking and cultivating the water fern azolla. Method demonstration of the cultivation of azolla, a biofertiliser. Azolla in symbiosis with the cyanobacterium anabaena azollae, under optimum conditions, can fix substantial amounts of n 2 through bnf, and release as much as 70% of the fixed n to the rice crop upon incorporation 5. Azolla can vary in color from green to red and are generally found. Azolla nutritional values the following nutritional values for fresh and dry azolla as a livestock feed are from feedipedia. Azolla ex situ grown in an area by accumulating sufficient water there is also another method of culturing azolla in polythene. Leaves of the mosquito fern overlap, giving a quilted look to the surface and hiding the stem.
The farmers could produce about one kg of fresh azolla mean yield per day in a season from a pond of 6 x 4 feet size. How to grow duckweed and azolla to suit your needs. Dual application of duckweed and azolla plants for. Azolla is a protein rich aquatic fern serve of as an effective green fodder resource for livestock and that makes significant contributions to the sustainability and prosperity of rural livelihoods.
Growing of azolla is generally two types that are 1. You can use azolla culture and spread it across as well. It can be utilized by rice in both wet and dry season. Cultivation method the cultivation of plants in india all have different methods. One of its attractions is that the dung produced by livestock is used to help fertilize the azolla plants which, in turn, provide nutrition for the livestock.
Azolla ferns live in association with a bluegreen alga anabaena azolla which is located in cavities of the ferns lobes. Care should be taken to protect ducks from dogs and duck eggs and ducklings from mongoose. Project report maize farming project report, cost, profit guide cold pressed oil project report, plan, subsidy, loans, cost. Jul 03, 2018 but azolla is the right option in front of them. How can azolla cultivation enhance the socioeconomic. Azolla leaves are tiny, lacylooking, and closely overlapping. American waterfern is a small, floating plant with green or rustyred leaves. Azolla is a water fern that can be grown both at farmstead and homestead by resource poor farmers for meeting organic cattle feed supplement in addition to use azolla as dual culture in rice farming and biomanure for crops, vegetables and plants for environmental conservation and economic returns. A new method for obtaining anabaenairee azolla by chang lin and i.
Hence many farmers attract toward the azolla cultivation. Thus growth of azolla reduces aquatic weeds in flooded rice fields. Dec 10, 2016 azolla reduces water evaporation rate from the irrigated rice field. Widely cultivated in the asian regions, azolla is either incorporated into the soil before rice transplanting or grown as a dual crop along with rice. Azolla cultivation is popular in countries like china, vietnam, and the philippines, etc. The major focus of this section is on the history and management practices for azolla cultivation as a green manure for rice. Pdf cultivation and use azolla as nutritive feed supplement.
Modern agriculture has become more dependent on chemical fertilizers for increasing yield of crops. Rice paddies in vietnam and southern china have been fertilized for centuries utilizing biological nitrogen fixation of the azolla pinnataanabaena azollae association liu, 1979. The same goes for the cultivation of the azolla plant. Make sure to remove any weeds formed in the pond regularly. Azolla is a genus of aquatic ferns, mainly found in tropical and warm temperate regions. For larger snails or crayfish, another pest control method, such as handpicking, will be necessary.
Because of this it has been suggested as a potential food crop for space agriculture. Aside from this fertilizing effect in cultivation of rice, azolla may influence the ph of the water vlek et al. To meet the interests of the customers, azolla needs to be positioned in the market by according to its special features, such as increased egg production for poultry farmers appendix i. Pest problems azolla is a preferred food of apple snails, a serious pest of taro.
Azolla is a floating pteridophyte, which contains as endosymbiont the nitrogenfixing cyanobacterium anabaena azollae nostocaceae family. Use of azolla azolla pinnata as cattle feed supplement. Azolla cultivation is popular in countries like china, vietnam, and the. Nobanis invasive alien species fact sheet azolla filiculoides. Azolla reduces water evaporation rate from the irrigated rice field. Yet it is virtually unexplored as a foodstuff for human consumption. Watanabe the international rice research institute, p. It is also found that azolla feeding improve the quality of milk and health.
Azolla requires all the essential elements that are required by other plants, plus molybdenum an essential constituent of nitrogenase and cobalt, which are required for anabaenas nitrogen fixation. Wind and turbulent water can fragment and kill azolla. Azolla cultivation guide rich proteins feed for cattle. Bricks are lined horizontally in a rectangular fashion. Azolla in situ grown with standing crop within the field 2. How to take care of your duckweed and azolla in the offseason. Identification of anabaenazjfc azolla four methods were used to confirm the absence of anabaena in azolla. Pdf the azolla cultivation technology is considered as an intervention to meet their dairy farmers needs. Such areas may be seasonally covered by a mat of azolla associated with other freefloating plants such as species of lemna, pistia, salvinia, trapa, wolffia and mud rooting. Azolla is a symbiotic superorganism that captures all the nitrogen fertilizer it needs to grow from the air around it.
Wastewater remediation by using azolla and lemna for. It can be observed in quiet waters, ponds, ditches, canals and paddy fields. Ramuvel in mayiladuthurai taluka in tamil nadu is growing azolla in his field. Methodology the work was undertaken at the department of livestock production management, n. A study on the potential of azolla pinnata as livestock. Trying it out the following article by anita ingeval from the article azolla. Azolla, hitherto used mainly as a green manure in paddy has tremendous potential to meet the growing demand for fodder among the small farmers taking up animal husbandry. Sapota cultivation project report chiku, farming guide. About azolla azolla is an aquatic floating fern, found in temperate climate suitable for paddy cultivation. A study on azolla cultivation and feeding to milch animals was taken up with about 110 farmers in chitradurga district of karnataka under naip livelihood project.
The algae efficiently fix atmospheric nitrogen, and consequently improve the growth of the surrounding plants azolla and rice. Azolla can be grown in separate plot and can be applied to main field just before transplanting. When used as supplemental feed in dairy, it helped to increase the milk yield. The soil in the area is first cleared of weeds and leveled 2. Utilization of azolla microphylla as feed supplement for. What is so special about these tiny plants and the difference between them. Maintaining low water levels and rough plowing can protect azolla from wind. Technically azolla is a type of aquatic fern and is rich in organic nutrients. Alternatively, protect azolla temporarily by establishing bunds or wooden floats.
Azolla production and management, technology, applications. The anabaena in azolla helps to absorb nitrogen, and later on the nitrogen absorbed is converted to protein and amino acid which is later stored in the leaves. Azolla exsitu in insitu method azolla is grown with standing crop within the field but in exsitu it is grown in an area by accumulating sufficient water. Azolla filiculoides is one of just two fern species for which a reference genome has been published. You can start by using a mixture of fertile soil, cow dung and water. View the herbarium specimen image from the university of florida herbarium digital imaging projects. Pdf culture of azolla filiculoides in artificial conditions. Though azolla biofertilizer technology is simple, economical and ecofriendly, it has not been fully exploited due to the lack of awareness of the potential benefits from azolla biofertilizer. Make sure this is executed well as it is the foundation step in the cultivating process.
Azolla is ideal sustainable feed for cattle, fish, pig, and poultry apart from this its also used as biofertilizer in the farm. In this context, the book entitled azolla biofertilizer. A small piece of azolla branch was crushed on a slide and observed under a light microscope. Executive summary azolla plant rated against alternative stockfeed options. About 05 g fresh weight of vegetative azolla plants were put into a 50 ml. Cultivation and use azolla as nutritive feed supplement for the livestock article pdf available may 2012 with 9,042 reads how we measure reads. The fern azolla azolla mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss, and water fern is a small free floating aquatic fern native to asia, africa, and the america.
With the cattle feeding cost escalating every year to reduce the income of dairy farmers, the veterinary college and research institute here organised a handson training for dairy farmers on azolla c. Iyayi department of animal science, faculty of agriculture and forestry, university of ibadan, ibadan, nigeria abstract. By this, azolla is used as a green manure in rice fields in asia since several decennia moore 1969, mandal et al. Application of azolla in crop production springerlink. The integrated use of azolla with rice and fish farming has been developed. Azolla azolla pinnata has enormous potential as a livestock feed due to its high content of protein, essential amino acids, vitamins, growth promoter intermediaries and minerals.
Azolla will rapidly grow and fill the pit within 1015 days and about 500 gms 600 gms of azolla can be harvested daily thereafter. The effect of weed suppression, use as a fish food and animal fodder, and the insects and diseases of azolla are also discussed. Azolla is a small freefloating fern approximately 1 to 38 inches wide. Azolla cristata, the carolina mosquitofern, carolina azolla, or water velvet, is a species of azolla native to the americas, in eastern north america from southern ontario southward, and from the east coast west to wisconsin and texas, and in the caribbean, and in central and south america from southeastern mexico south to northern argentina and uruguay. Biochemical and nutritional studies were carried out to evaluate the potential of azolla azolla. Azolla mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss, water fern is a genus of seven species of aquatic ferns, the only genus in the family azollaceae. If you are into agricultural farming or animal farming, knowledge on azolla and on its production can do wonders to the farming you are into. Azolla is susceptible to attack by pests such as lepidopterous or dipterous insects or fungal diseases, particularly during hot, humid periods, and snails are a common pest for azolla plants grown in rice fields. The trail carried with azolla as feed substitute shows that there is an overall increase of milk by 1520% by supplementing feed with the same quantity of azolla on dry weight basis without affecting milk production. Reducing cultivation price, with a fern thats nice to rice basal application. Cultivating azolla as a livestock feed the azolla foundation. Pdf why cultivation of azolla as a cattle feed not sustainable. Azollaanabaena as a biofertilizer for rice paddy fields in. There was an appreciable increase in milk production 1015%, meat by weight 810% and egg laying capacity 10 15%, in.
Azolla farming step by step and health benefits hubpages. Azolla as feed supplement for cattle, poultry, pig, fish etc. Azollaanabaena as a biofertilizer for rice paddy fields. The cost of producing azolla using nardeps method is less than rs 0. Azolla covering water surface reduce light penetration of soil surface, resulting in the depreciation in the germination of weeds 70% of the weed. Within the past 25 years, research has expanded the areas of azolla cultivation in china to 1,340,000 ha and to 400,000 ha in vietnam liu, 1979. Azolla cultivation in the backyard and subsequent feeding to the cattle as well as production of feed pellets. Chemical composition and the feeding value of azolla azolla pinnata meal for eggtype chicks o. For ensuring better growth of azolla, apply 1 kg of cow dung and 100 to 120 grams of super phosphate once in 2 weeks. Apr 24, 2017 cultivation of azolla growing of azolla is done basically by two types.
Azolla is generally inoculated and grown as a cover crop for incorporating into the soil as a topdressing in rice cultivation. Popularization of azolla cultivation for economic and. In terms of nutritive value, azolla contained 9mjme, 18% crude protein, 46% ndf, allowing the plant to fall into the forage category of feedstuffs and therefore comparable to silage and hay samples. Azolla plants showed higher sensitivity to adsw, turning brown from the centre of the fronds and eventually dying after days 5 to 7 at concentrations of 50 to10% figure 1, table 2. In the azolla cooking and cultivation project, artists, researchers, farmers, gardeners, chefs and scientists experiment with cooking and cultivating the water fern azolla. Effect of azolla extract on growth performance of pisum. College of veterinary science, gannavaram, krishna district in andhra pradesh. With the cattle feeding cost escalating every year to reduce the income of dairy farmers, the veterinary college and research institute here organised a hands. Azolla is one of the worlds fastest growing plants and a rich source of nutrients.
Constant use of chemicals has spoilt the land, soil and water. To examine the feasibility of its use in flooded rice fields sited in the temperate european areas, we. Cultivation of azolla growing of azolla is done basically by two types. Cultivation of this fern is considered to be a very cheap biofertilizer for rice fields. Azolla an alternate and sustainable feed for livestock 1155 8. It also says the use of azolla as feed for cattle, poultry, goat, pig farming. Nardeps cultivation method nardep therefore developed a method for cultivating azolla that is easy and economical for livestock farmers. Box 933, manila, philippines received 22 july 1987.
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